Summary
The Asset-Salary Ratio (ASR) is a simple yet sophisticated metric that provides feedback on the likelihood a participant in a defined contribution plan system will have sufficient assets to generate adequate retirement income. Similar to the full-funding ratio of a defined benefit plan, the ASR provides an easily understandable measure for a participant to gauge whether she is "on-track" for accumulating sufficient retirement wealth. Applying this measure to a sample of TIAA-CREF participants, we find that, on average, participants had assets consistent with at least a 70 percent income replacement ratio; with this result holding across different ages, genders, and tenures. We find the largest factors for success, by orders of magnitude, are an adequate contribution rate and long tenure in the system. A portfolio weighted to equities is also beneficial but to a far lesser extent. We conclude that a goal of plan design should be to ensure adequate funding and early participation rather than creating incentives for participants to "chase returns". To this end, participant statements should include measures such as the ASR and retirement income projections in order for participants to make better, more informed choices.
